I don't know if people are still having this issue. Checking it, I found that both CB 1.1 and Joomla are perfectly content to accept any charectors in a username - however the CB frontend has a javascript check that only allows a-z0-9 when running under Joomla.
It is a fairly simple change to make, however you have to decide what exactly you want to allow for userids and passwords, as currently they are both limited to the same thing.
To fix it, you must edit comprofiler.html.php in 3 places[3 different potential times it is checked] and you will also need to fix default_language.php to change the error message.
I'm working out the regex I need for my own system, once I have the code worked out I can post it here if others are still looking to make this change.
To find the code, search for var r = new RegExp
You want to change the FIRST regexp in each of the 3 blocks[where joomla version is 1] - and this rule will apply to passwords and userids.
If you want to have different rules, than you need to and an a second regex creationg[var r2=...] and then change the r.exec for either the password or the username to r2.exec depending on which set of rules your using for r2.