URLs without an Itemid will assume homepage module assignments. I believe in Joomla 3 they were just treated as a non-existent menu item. Since that has changed you need to be sure you include an Itemid. Technically you were never supposed to be using URLs without an Itemid even in Joomla 3.

URLs generated internally within CB will always fallback to adding the profile menu item id as Itemid to a URL, but if you're copy-pasting URLs around manually and not including an Itemid in them then there's nothing that can be done besides maybe making your own URL rewrite rules in htaccess and force an Itemid onto the URL. If this is a problem with URLs generated on CB pages ensure you've a public and published Joomla menu item to CBs profile page. You can also create plugin specific menu items using Community Builder > Plugin menu type.

This isn't really a CB issue, but just a behavior change in Joomla unfortunately.

Is there a way to get a general Itemid for all these kinds of URL's?

The general fallback menu item that core CB uses is public and published menu item to CBs profile page. So I suppose you could just use that as well in your rewrite rules.

Adding an extra Itemid parameter to those URL's from a published menu item "Plugin -GroupJive - Group", see attachment doesn't seem to fix it.

Creating menu items after the fact isn't really going to help you. Those URLs are already out and in the open. You'll have to fix them using URL rewrite rules or redirects.