It's failing at the conditional as the strtotime isn't accepting the values. It's due to [lastvisitdate] being formatted instead of a timestamp. You'd need to also strtotime the [lastvisitdate], but a format function inside of a format function isn't supported yet so it won't work. So when implemented you'd have the below.
strtotime(+1 DAY,strtotime([lastvisitdate]))
I've added a feature ticket to implement support for this, but I've nothing else to suggest unless maybe you use a CB Query Field to handle incrementing lastvisitdate by 1 day and returning its timestamp using SQL functions then comparing against it.
forge.joomlapolis.com/issues/4970