Substitutions in Joomla content by default substitute based off the content owner. So you need to specific the user as #me for viewing user or you need to edit CB Content Bot in Extensions > Plugins and change the target user so it's always based off the viewer. Below is an example if left configured as default.
[cb:if user="#me" user_id<="0"][cb:userfield field="FIELD_NAME" user="564" /][/cb:if]
[cb:if user="#me" user_id>"0"][cb:userfield field="FIELD_NAME" user="#me" /][/cb:if]
Please read the below substitution tutorial carefully. Bottom of the page has several IF examples.
www.joomlapolis.com/support/tutorials/107-use-cases/18353-using-substitutions-throughout-cb
The user parameter usage is explained within "Original Field Value" usage as well.